Captain John Smith Essays (513 words) - Jamestown, Virginia

Captain John Smith John Smith had many characteristics that helped to make him an important person in the beginning settlement of the New World. He was a brave and strong person who seemed to have little fear. He ran away from home when he was young and became a soldier in Europe and the Near East (Barbour). He thrived for excitement and adventure. During the settlement of Jamestown, he took on the responsibility of leadership by saving the colony from starvation (Microsoft). He made the men plant crops and build houses, while he was trading with the Indians for food (Microsoft). The colony chose him President of the Jamestown settlement. The settlers believed and trusted him because he had saved them. John Smith was a very smart man, and he wrote many accounts about the happenings in Jamestown. He also published an article about his voyage of 1614. His longest and best-known work was entitled The General History of Virginia (Gwinn). Without these accounts, we would know very little about the colony in the New World. Not only was he a writer, but he could also draw. He drew many maps showing his expeditions and adventures. Many of these maps were used by other groups of settlers who came to the New World. John Smith was brave, strong, smart, and a good leader. His name is probably best remembered as the man who was to be beheaded by Indians, when the chief's daughter rushed to his side and saved his life. Many historians doubt this incident and said that Smith was just bragging and was a teller of tales (McMichael). He had so many different adventures and he sometimes stretched the truth. Even if John Smith did exaggerate at times, he was still an interesting and important character in American History. Critique: I don't remember learning too much on John Smith, though of course I learned about him. My reaction to his work is questioning; I've heard how he was this brave and courageous hero, yet in the book it asserts that he was ?a vain braggart? and ?a teller of tall tales?. He didn't mention the whole Pocahontas thing, which is the first that pops in my mind when I think about Smith. However, I think I admire him more than Columbus because he seemed to be more peaceful and open-minded when it came to the Indians. It claims in the American Literature book that he ?traded for food with the Indians, learned their customs and language?. It doesn't seem like he forced anything on them or thought his way and his customs were better than theirs. Bibliography SOURCES Barbour, L. Philip. Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Incorporated, 1997. pg. 59-60. Gwinn, P. Robert and others. The New Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 1991. pg. 895-896. The Lincoln Library of Essential Information. The Frontier Press Company, 1974. pg. 1974. ?Smith, Captain John?. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000. http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000. Microsoft Corporation. McMichael, George and others. Concise Anthology of American Literature. 1998 Prentice-Hall, Inc. pg. 22-36. Biographies

Essay on designer babies

Essay on designer babies Essay on designer babies Audience: less informed about topic. Forum: Time Magazine A brighter future Advancing the human genome as a species was once a sci-fi fantasy. Today, the idea of genetically modified people is reality. Although Genetic Modification is an extremely controversial topic, it has the potential to benefit our species in ways once unimaginable. Throughout this paper, I hope to inform you of the infinite amount of positive and beneficial possibilities that can come from this field of study. With the guidance of knowing the science behind genetic modification, understanding the potential behind the human genome, and maybe some already promoted actions in this field; you will have shed some light on engineering people a certain way. Before anyone can fight the idea of GM (Genetically Modified) babies; one must be informed fully on the topic. Just because the idea of â€Å"engineering† babies might not sound like what a good and sane person might want, does not mean it is a bad thing for us as a species. The human genome is a fragile and natura lly beautiful work of art. The codes within our DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) that make up the human genome to blueprint every single aspect and characteristic within our bodies is extremely versatile in the way it makes up our physical self. Eye color, size, skin color, health, gender, and approximately another 30 to 40 thousand genes are encoded within our DNA. This insanely complex but beautiful puzzle is created in nature, but in reality, nature doesn’t always create people fairly. For example, any hereditary disease a person gets, physical disabilities they have, or intellectual barriers. Genetic diseases such as Down syndrome, Alzheimer’s, Huntington ’s disease, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, and many others. It also eliminates risk of inherited medical conditions such as obesity, anemia, diabetes, cancer, and many more. These are all held within the make-up of the human genome. Given this knowledge, the sensible thing to do would be to acquire a process in which we could avoid these disabilities before a baby is even born. PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis) is one of the most ethical processes when dealing with designer babies. PGD is defined by Roger Gosden in Designing Babies as â€Å"the process of analysis to a single cell removed from a biopsy from a human embryo† (109). In simpler terms, this allows doctors to find a healthy embryo to insert via IVF (In Vitro fertilization). IVF is explained by Medline Plus as â€Å"the joining of a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish. In vitro means â€Å"outside the body.† Fertilization means the sperm has attached to and entered the egg.† Which can then be placed back into the women to carry out the natural birthing process. Many people believe that this process is still unethical, although no genetic modification is taking place here, it is a very plausible way to â€Å"design† your baby to be healthy. Not only does this avoid the risk of having a baby afflicted with disease and disability, but allows infertile parents to have kids of their own. One of the most researched and strong points behind the idea of designer babies comes from the sad reality of infertility. A portion of the population is physically unable to have children of their own. There can be many different mutations within a person’s genes that do not allow them to have kids on their own, but the main thing these people want to know is how to go along and fix this problem. People may think differently, but Robin M. Henig, author of Pandora’s Baby explains, â€Å"The normality of all these test tube babies might have brought the tiniest twinge of disappointment to those looking for excuses to ban IVF or to those who thought that witnessing the birth of an abnormal test tube babe would be something of a thrill, a bit like watching a circus accident on the high wire. But most people felt great relief to see that Carla Polson was just l ike Louise Brown, just like Candice Reed, just like the

Daytime Talk Shows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Daytime Talk Shows - Essay Example Laura Grindstaff discusses the various things that occur behind the scenes when Talk Shows are being prepared. There are things that she points out that I never thought of like that and some that I did not know. Talk shows have a lot of strange spaces of matters to be discussed. Matters like misuse, manipulation, consent and choice within the context of entertainment are clearly depicted in Talk shows. The entertainment context itself is embedded in bigger cultural landscapes with social inequality as its character. Grindstaff argues that unlike other elites and celebrities shown on television, the† ordinary people† who come as guests in the talk show at daytime are forced to be emotional about their lives and private affairs to attract and entice audiences. She believes that for talk shows, it is necessary to manipulate the people so as to create moments that are dramatic. The dramatic scenes seen on the daytime talk shows are not stories of natural occurrences but rathe r directed by producers (Shuyisun 1).Identify the thesis of the article and criteria the author states or implies for assessing responsibility. If the author does not draw a conclusion about the criteria say so and explain what you think they should be.In the â€Å"Daytime talk show† article, Grindstaff proposes that as much as the daytime talk show makes profit and entertainment from the privacy of people, the show stages a platform for manipulation in the context of entertainment.

The Concept of the Soul, by Plato Research Paper - 1

The Concept of the Soul, by Plato - Research Paper Example d "appetite." In an elaboration to this, it was assumed that not all the desires are part of the belief and therefore they had association with reason. All the part that form ones soul have certain desires within them, but when it comes to the appetitive or the spirited part of the soul then these desires are not merely constituted by belief or the decision making/ choices that is linked to good.The passion in these elements sprouts from independent faiths differentiating between what is good or bad. When it comes to the appetite, this is due to the arousal of desires that occur as a reaction to the hormonal or other events that take place inside the body. Lastly, the spirited part of the soul is because of the routine response that develops during the course of ones upbringing. Plato in his book Phaedrus, Plato explains this Tripartite Soul in detail. In this book he describes the human soul which is made up of three elements that follow three specific classes that prevail in the society of a fair city containing justice. If individuallyjustice comprises of balancing these three elements in such a way that the precise relationship is developed that is based on power. All this leads to a person that contains ruling with reasoning,reason that takes help from spirit, and also develop a satisfying appetite Platos Theory of the soul is the basic origin point of the Theory of the State. In this theory, Plato claims that a person who is happy is apparently a just/fair person. In the other words this canbe better explained by saying that a content person is one who is governed by reason.Thus "Plato and Aristotle each had a view of human nature that assigned reason a central role." (Kupperman, 59) Plato believed that that soul is comprised of the three constituents that enlighten the human: Reason, Emotion, and Appetite which I previously mentioned. It should be noted that Reason contains the utmost and supreme value whereas the remaining two are considered to be as

Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cybercrime - Essay Example Apart from this, it also reflects the computer-content acts with regard to the confidentiality along with accessibility of the computer systems (NCPC, â€Å"Preventing Identity Theft: A Guide for Consumers†). Thesis Statement. This study intends to delineate definitions and examples related to cyber-theft and cyber vandalism. Apart from this, the study will also determine the reasons and significant challenges with respect to the traditional law enforcement and other issues associated with cybercrime. Cyber theft primarily refers to an act by which the internet is used in order to steal, interfere or enjoy someone else’s property. In simpler term, cyber theft is executed to derive others’ financial and personal information for illegal use. One of the examples of cyber theft is hacking of a bank’s computer data for wrongfully transferring the financial information and monetary amount i.e. ‘Nigerian prince email’. Another example of cyber theft is hacking of accounts of Barclays Bank (The Huffington Post, â€Å"Barclays Bank Cyber Theft: 8 Arrested For Allegedly Hacking Computer System, Stealing $2 Million†). Vandalism is the concept that reflects an action that involves the destruction or damage with respect to the public or the private property. Cyber vandalism is carried out mainly using electronic information. It has been further observed that specific crimes with regard to cyber vandalism include website defacement. Furthermore, the attacks with respect to social web pages are also regarded as cyber vandalism. One instance of cyber vandalism is the hacking along with impairment of ‘Google’s Pakistan page’. The hackers’ replaced the logo of the ‘Google’s Pakistan page’ by ‘two penguins walking up a bridge at sunset’ (The Express Tribune News Network, â€Å"Cyber vandalism: Hackers deface Google Pakistan†). Moreover, the other example of cyber vandalism is gaining access of the United

Movement in an Idealized Dam-break Configuration

Movement in an Idealized Dam-break Configuration For doing the research of the fluid dynamics with the open channel flow, to derive and understanding different waves equations in partial differential approximation with conservation form such as the explicit centered convection approximation and the explicit upwind convection approximation in different condition. Trying to substitutive the values into the equations to derive the appropriate method base on the finite- volume method in the fluid dynamics and using the software to calculate the flux and the stability which will depend on the direction of the wave and must be under the distance travel must not exceed the step way condition. The aim is staring to go through the details of the equations, get the brand new Flux functions which called lax Wendorff burgers equation scheme and Dam break scheme, based on those approximation to estimate the wave direction, wave speed, height, density and momentum in the certain and instant time for the water wave and at different conditions property and combinations. Putting the values to get the approximate results with those two methods and compare with each other. Plot the appropriate graphs. Abstract The purpose of this study is to model the flow movement in an idealized dam-break configuration. One-dimensional motion of a shallow flow over a rigid inclined bed is considered. The resulting shallow water equations are solved by finite volumes using the Lax-Wendroff schemes. At first, the one-dimensional model is considered in the development process. With conservative finite volume method, splitting is applied to manage the combination of hyperbolic term and source term of the shallow water equation and then to promote 1D. The simulations are validated by the comparison with flume experiments. Unsteady dam-break flow movement is found to be reasonably well captured by the model. The proposed concept could be further developed to the numerical calculation of non-Newtonian fluid or multilayers fluid flow. All the calculations, data and graphs represent are all through MATLAB programming with an individual code and all the units and symbols were labeled in the code. A. Units and constant for the approximations Equations Theory Partial Differentials Partial differential equations are complicated method to solve as they contain more than one variable and instead are used to Describe problems involving the parameters in use which can be solved using the variation of schemes. They describe the certain rate of change of variables which are related to each other, in this project, the first convection are the wave equation in conservation form which are to approximate the velocity of the flow in different directions and the flux approximation with changing time. Two different methods are considered which are the explicit upwind convection approximation and explicit centered convection approximation respectively. When dt = 0 and dx = 0, Discretization Schemes Explicit centered convection approximation and explicit upwind convection approximation, these methods include finite volume method which approximating the variables around discrete nodes with dissected into too many small elements that are approximated. Finite-Difference Approximation Finite-difference approximations are one of the most derivative methods for solving differential equations. The system can approximate the solution with the necessary boundary and initial conditions imposed, providing an accurate solution for the previous unfathomable equation. They are of particular use in aerodynamics as their time and space dependent nature lends itself to computing shock wave propagation or other energy transfer flows. Their approach uses discretization to approximate the differential, by applying a finite grid, of points at which the variables are estimated, with the process continuing as the local points govern their approximation values from the neighboring nodes. Iterative approximation in this manner produces an obvious error, known as the discretization or truncation error, diverging from the true value. The key to the principle is, like anything, minimizing this error in the system. Monitoring this error then is something of paramount importance and through the implementation of the Taylor Series. In addition, there are three critical properties that any approximation of a partial differential should maintain, which are consistency, stability and convergence. Forward-Time, Backward-Space Scheme The form of approximation method is a backward, explicit, hyperbolic system which means that at the next set of results are only calculated from the nodes immediately behind them geometrically, in relation to their pervious counterparts, for examples, When dt = 0 and dx = 0, This also gives the system an inherent advantage as this encourages convergence, through the fact that the approximation method has a domain of dependence which are include the initial data, shared by the partial differential at t = 0, only apply on the first set of data. Also, further information gathered from the equation itself shows is a first order method and most suitable to simple differential approximations. Lax Scheme This kind of approximations are most likely the previous is explicit hyperbolic in nature, however, it is a scheme which to demonstrated that all the velocity of the water flow terms are either side of and is first order accurate for u, and also approximate the accuracy for x. When dt = 0 and dx = 0, Moreover, the stability of the method has to be considered as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition is a necessary condition for convergence while solving certain partial differential equations usually hyperbolic numerically by the method of finite differences. It arises in the numerical analysis of explicit time integration schemes, when these are used for the numerical solution. As a consequence, the time step must be less than a certain time in many explicit time-marching computer simulations, otherwise the simulation will produce incorrect results. Lax-Wendroff Scheme This scheme is a common numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations like the previous schemes which are based on the finite differences to accurate for both space and time apparently. There are two different cases are going to consider and approximate which are the 1st for the linear case, while , where a is a constant which to define the direction of the flow and u is the wave speed, when, the flow is to the right, and to the left when a is negative. As two different approximations have considered, for the centered method For the upwind method Or Or And for the Lax-Wendroff in first-order Predictor, Corrector, For the 2nd case, Centered method For the upwind method Or Or And for the Lax-Wendroff in first-order Predictor, Corrector, Calculate for the half grid points and time steps approximation as different predictors first and then recalculate the scheme by the value of half grid points and time steps into same Corrector which putting a two steps approximation rather than a single step to make it more accurate. This is a feature unique for the Lax-Wendroff method. Also, the stability of CFL condition is the same as the previous scheme. Taylor Series The Taylor series is a form of evaluating and representing partial differentials, as an infinite sum of its terms at a single point, in form of series expansion. The use of the series has many applications in engineering, with its main being the approximation of functions through the expansion to the necessary number of terms. Through collating the appropriate number of terms and then truncating the series a valid approximation of the function can be made. The act of truncating the series generates an error, although as the expansion continues the effect of each term dwindles, a characteristic that allows the truncation after a certain term number. The truncation error can also be computed and gives an indication as to the validity and performance of the initial approximation made using the series expansion. B. Dam break schme The simplest situations will first be considered, of mass, momentum and energy conservation laws in primitive form, so stripped of all energy-diffusing terms, such as bed slope , resistance, change of section. Governing Equations The mass entering t element in time dt is While the amount leaving is For the mass For the momentum For the simplest case, X1 Figures and Tables Figure 1 Figure 1 shows the relationship of the velocity against the postion of the flow in linear first-order which (f = a*u) , where a is 1, Lax-Wendroff is used for approximation, and it shows a steady flow with a certain time and positions with the input data, there are 50 nodes in total and the grid spacing are 400 as the detla time was 0.0015s, so the grid spacing should have to take a really large value to maintain the CFL. Figure 2 Figure 2 shows the relationship of the velocity against the postion of the flow in non-linear first-order which (f = u2/2), Lax-Wendroff is used for approximation, and it shows a steady flow with a certain time and positions with the input data, there are 50 nodes in total and the grid spacing are 30 as the detla time was 0.0015s, the grid spacing take a really smaller value to maintain the CFL. Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 3 Figure 4 shows the relationship between the height against the spacing and the momentum against the spacing respectively, dam break scheme is used with base on a Lax-Wendroff approximation and for Figure 3, the running time is 10 seconds which is shorter then Figure 4 and the depth of the dam wall sets as 0.2m and break at 30m while Figure 4 sets as 0.5m depth and break at 50m. As the results show, the longer running time it takes, the stability and convergence of the approximation comes out. Also, both of the results withdraw the boundary which take an error while plot graph. So, a function for boundary condition has to be considered as well. References Guymon, Gary L. A Finite Element Solution Of The One-Dimensional Diffusion-Convection Equation. Water Resources Research 6.1 (1970): 204-210. Web.

More Evidence Needed to Support George Ritzers McDonaldization Thesis :: George Ritzer McDonaldization Thesis

More Evidence Needed to Support George Ritzer's McDonaldization Thesis The McDonaldization Thesis presupposes some familiarity with Ritzer's earlier work, The McDonaldization of Society (1993), in which he defines McDonaldization as "the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world" (1). These principles include efficiency, predictability, calculability (or an emphasis on quantification), and control (especially via non-human technologies). Taken together, they constitute the formal (functional or instrumental) rationality that undergirds McDonaldization. In the present work, Ritzer continues to sound the alarm by depicting McDonaldization as "a largely one-way process in which a series of American innovations are being aggressively exported to much of the rest of the world" (8). Although the author acknowledges that the McDonaldization thesis is rooted in Weber's reflections on rationality, specifically the notion of the "iron cage of rationality," he prefers the "simplicity" of Mannheim's thinking on the subject. The latter, for example, locates the fundamental irrationality of highly rationalized systems, such as McDonaldized ones, in threats to the ability to think; whereas, the former emphasizes threats to human values, an area the author deems unnecessarily messy for the purposes of his theoretical analysis. The author further justifies this position by noting the cognitive demands of the present post-industrial system in which human beings live. Indeed, it is the dehumanization resulting from the simultaneous increase in functional rationality and decrease in substantive rationality, which rationalized systems demand and perpetuate, that animates the author. The author introduces the concept of the "new means of consumption" to illustrate the ways in which not only business, but cultural, practices are threatened by McDonaldization. Defined as "those things owned by capitalists and rendered by them as necessary to customers in order for them to consume" (91), examples of the new means of consumption include fast-food restaurants, credit cards, mega-malls, home shopping television networks, and cybermalls. The critical point for the author is that each changes the ways individuals consume. For example, the exportation of fast-food restaurants and American eating habits, with their emphasis on food as something to be consumed as quickly, efficiently, and inexpensively as possible, alters the way people eat and, thereby, "poses a profound threat to the entire cultural complex of many societies" (8). There is a distinct normative dimension to the concept of the new means of consumption, which is evident in the author's insistence that they "constrain" individuals "to buy more than they need" and "to spend more than they should" (119).